Lesson 4

 

 

 

Vocabulary

 

Nouns


charge   ��Ш�俿��

      A positive / negative charge     ���Ǻǡ / ����ź

     The battery produces an electrical charge.

          ẵ��������ҧ��Ш�俿��

circuit   ǧ��

      an electrical circuit

          ǧ��俿��

short circuit   �����俿���Թ�Դ�ҧ˹�ŧ�Թ��������ͧ��鹡����俺����ͧ

conductor   ��ǹ�俿��

       Wood is a poor conductor.

          ����繵�ǹ�俿�ҷ�����

current   �����俿��

          a 15 amp electrical current

                �����俿���Ժ���������

electric   俿��

           I�ve paid the electric. (=the bill for the supply of electricity.)

                  �ѹ���¤���

 flow   ������

                The government is improving traffic flow in Bangkok.

                 �Ѱ��š��ѧ��Ѻ��ا������/�������͹��Ǣͧ��è�Ҩ�㹡�ا෾����բ��

insulation   ��áѹ俿�����ͤ�����͹      ��ʴط������ö�繩�ǹ

            Better insulation of your home will help to reduce heating bills.

                     ��ǹ�ѹ������͹㹺�ҹ���ըЪ��»����Ѵ����

insulator   ��ǹ

           The wires must be completely covered with an insulator, like rubber or plastic. 1 (page104)

                ����Ǵ俿�ҵ�ͧ�թ�ǹ���ҧ���;��ʵԡ������������

power   ��ѧ�ҹ   俿��

          1  energy    the strength or energy contained in something

                 The ship was helpless against the power of the storm.

                              �����������Ҿ�����ѧ�ҡ��õ�͵�ҹ���ѧ����

          2   electricity     the public supply of electricity

                 They have switched off the power.

                             �ҷ�����»Դ�����俿��

product   �ż�Ե

                 Try to get the best product at the lowest price.

                             ������������ż�Ե���շ���ش�����Ҥҷ���ӷ���ش

production   ��ü�Ե

                The production of electricity is the changing of other forms of energy into electric

                 current.1 (page 104)

                                ��ü�Ե�����俿�Ҥ�͡������¹��ѧ�ҹ�ٻẺ�������繡����俿��

protection   ��û�ͧ�ѹ

                 For protection against an electric shock, there should be good insulation on both

                 wires.1 (page 111)

                             �����繡�û�ͧ�ѹ�����俿���Ѵǧ�� ��è��թ�ǹ���������Ǵ俿�ҷ���ͧ���

screw   �л٤ǧ

                 Now tighten all the screws.

                           �͹������ѹ�л٤ǧ������

screwdriver   䢤ǧ

shock   俿�ҡ�еء���ҧ�ع�ç  俿�Ҫ�͵

= electric shock

                If you touch an uninsulated wire, you could get hurt by an electric shock when the

                electricity flows through your body. 1   (page 99)

                              ��Ҥس�������Ǵ俿�ҷ������թ�ǹ���� �س����ö���Ѻ�ѹ���¨ҡ俿�Ҫ�͵����͡����俿����ż�ҹ��ҧ��¢ͧ�س

wire   ����Ǵ

                   a coil of copper wire

                                 ���Ǵ�ͧᴧ

wiring   �Ը��Թ���俿��

                  A short circuit in your home�s electrical wiring or in an appliance�s wiring can cause

                  the power to go out. alc99

                              ��ê�͵�ͧ����Ǵ俿��㹺�ҹ���������ͧ��俿������ö�����俿�ҴѺ��

verbs

attach   ������蹵Դ�Ѻ

                 Attach the coupon to the front of your letter.

                             �Դ�ٻͧ���˹�Ҩ����¢ͧ�س

charge (with electricity)   ���   �Ѵ

                 The electricity charges the thin wires inside the bulb.  alc111

                              俿�һ�Ш�ŧ������Ǵ������ʹ�

conduct   �ӡ����俿��

                Copper conducts electricity well.

                            �ͧᴧ�ӡ����俿�����

damage   �����

              The fire badly damaged the town hall.

                           ����������Ҥ���Ⱥ����������ҡ

generate   ��Ե

             Electricity is produced by extremely powerful machines called generators. The electric

             current that these machines generate flows to homes, buildings, and factories through

             thick wires, which are called power lines. 1 (page104)

                   俿�Ҷ١��Ե������ͧ�ѡ÷���վ�ѧ���������¡�������ͧ��俿�� �����俿�ҷ������ͧ��俿�ҹ���Ե�����仵����ҹ �Ҥ�� �ç�ҹ �����

                   ��ҹ�Ǵ俿�ҫ�觶١���¡�������

flow   ���

                   Warm and cool air flow easily through the walls and roof of a poorly insulated home,

                   and that makes the heater or air conditioner work harder. 1 (page95)

                             �ҡ����� �ҡ����� ��ż�ҹ��ᾧ �����ѧ�ҷ�����Ѻ��õԴ��駩�ǹ������������ҧ����  �ѹ�����˵ط����������ͧ�Ӥ���ͺ��� ����

                             ����ͧ�Ӥ�����繵�ͧ�ӧҹ˹ѡ

insulate   �ѹ俿�����ͤ�����͹

power   ����ѧ�ҹ

               The aircraft is powered by a jet engine.

                            ����ͧ�Թ���ѧ�ҹ�ҡ����ͧ¹����

run   ��ҹ

                Our van runs on diesel.

                            ö�ͧ�����觴��¹���ѹ����

twist   �Դ   �Ѵ

               Twist the wire to form a circle.

                         �Դ����Ǵ������ٻǧ���

Adjectives

electric   ����ǡѺ俿��

               an electric light   �ʧ俿��

              an electric guitar   �յ���俿��

electrical   ����ǡѺ俿��

connected with electricity; using or producing electricity

                electrical equipment / appliances   ����ͧ��� / �ػ�ó�俿��

                electrical power / energy   ��ѧ�ҹ俿��

Exercise

 

Select the word in the box to fill in the blank.

conductor          an electric shock          insulation          wiring          electrical wire     short          charged


1   If you touch an uninsulated wire, you could get hurt by ­­­­­­­­________ when the electricity flows      through your body.

2   Water is a very good ______ of electricity.

3   Don�t work on the ______ in your home if you are not an electrician. Always rely on a professional to do the job.  alc99

4   Rubber is often used for ________ because it�s a poor conductor.

5   It is very dangerous to touch an uninsulated ______________.       

6   This lamp doesn�t work because there is a ________ in the plug.

7   She ________ her new phone before she put it into use.

Answer

Match the word with its meaning

     1   to flow                  _____ to bend or turn something into a particular shape

     2   power                   _____ to supply a vehicle with the energy that makes it work

     3   product                 _____ to protect something with a material that prevents heat, sound,

                                             electricity, etc. from passing through

     4   screwdriver            _____ to fasten or join one thing to another

     5   to attach               _____ a tool used for turning screws

     6   to charge               _____ to operate or function

     7   to conduct            _____ to produce or create something

     8   to generate            _____ to allow heat or electricity to pass along or through it

     9   to run                    _____ to pass electricity through something so that it is stored there

     10  to insulate            _____ something that is produced and sold in large quantities, often

                                             as a result of a manufacturing process

     11   power                 _____ electricity

     12  twist                     _____ to move steadily and continuously in one direction

Answer

 

TOO and SO

too   ���     so    �����������¤�͡���������ʴ�������繾�ͧ  (agreement)   ���� �ʴ���������͹�ѹ 

 be verbs

                                 She is nice.    He is nice.

                                 She is nice, and he is too.

                                 She is nice, and so is he.

Other verbs

                                 I run fast.  She runs fast.

                                 I run fast, and she does too.

                                 I run fast, and so does she.

Modals

                                 She can swim well.   He can swim well.

                                 She can swim well, and he can too.

                                 She can swim well, and so can he.              

 Helping verbs

                                 She �s been to France.   I�ve been to France.

                                 She �s been to France, and  I have too.

                                 She �s been to France, and  so have I.

Exercise

Fill in the missing verb.

1         She wins the prize, and I ________ too.

2         David is excited, and so _______ his coach.

3         They are nervous about the tests, and so ____ I.

4         My son will go to France, and your son ______ too.

5         She�s been in the military for 10 years, and they __________ too.

Answer

 

Either and neither

����¤ (clause) ����դ� either ���ա�������ٻ����ʸ (negative) ����¤����դ� neither �����ٻ������繺͡���� (positive)

Verb �Be�

          He isn�t doing well.    They aren�t doing well.

          He isn�t doing well, and they�re not either.

          He isn�t doing well, and neither are they.

Other verbs

          She didn�t come.    He didn�t come.

          She  didn�t come, and he didn�t either.

          She didn�t come, and neither did he.

Modals and helping verbs

          We haven�t studied.  They haven�t studied.

          We haven�t studied, and they haven�t either.

          We haven�t studied, and neither have they.

Exercise

Fill in the missing verb.

1   I don�t like cooking, and neither ______ Susan.

2   She didn�t go to France last year, and neither ____ I.

3   You aren�t in the military, and your son _____ either.

4   You shouldn�t eat shrimps, and neither ______ she.

5   Gold prices haven�t been decreasing, and neither ______ food prices.

Answer

 

 

�Ѩ��� (suffix)

    �Ӥس�Ѿ�� (adjective)  �ҧ�������ö��� �ӻѨ��� (suffix)�en� ���仢�ҧ�������ͷ����Ӥس�Ѿ�����繤ӡ������

adjective

suffix

verb

short

en

shorten

sweet

en

sweeten

dark

en

darken

sharp

en

sharpen

wide

en

widen

deep

en

deepen

straight

en

straighten

red

en

redden

                                                               

�Ӥس�Ѿ����ǹ�˭�����Ѩ��� �en� ���仢�ҧ���¤������ ����ա������¹����С�  ��Ӥس�Ѿ����ŧ���´��� �e� �������Ѩ��� �n� ��ҹ����

wide + n    = widen                               loose + n    =   loosen

�Ӥس�Ѿ������ҧ�ӡ�͹����Ѩ��� �en�  ���������ѭ��з����ա���˹�觡�͹����Ѩ���  �en� ��

Fat  +  t  + en =   fatten

Exercise

 

Circle the correct answer

1   My face ________ when I am hungry.

             a.   reddens                   b.   red                            c.   turn red

2   Could you ________ the room so we can watch the film?

             a.   get dark                  b.   dark                            c.   darken

3   This knife is dull, I need to ________ it.

             a.   sharp                      b.   be sharp                     c.   sharpen

Answer